The article named “The essence of economic liberty in the process of the goods production” analyses the essence of the economic liberty in actual period when national economy traverses a long, every difficult and complicated period from the centralized planning economy to market economy. In these conditions the economic liberty is determinated by the private property which reproduces the private work and vice versa. Employer (proprietor of means of production) on his risk, fear and responsibilities decides what to produce, how to do it (by what technologies and techniques) and how much to produce. It means that the proprietor freely of own choice selected type and volume of the economic activity. But the economic liberty is limited by the divided market between different economic groups which sell their goods and services on prices determinated in advance. In the absence of real economic liberty on the market, dominated and operated by the economic laws and firstly by the law of demand and supply, free competition between commodities’ producers which have decisive importance for falling the prices, we may underline that the economy of the Republic of Moldova is still not a market economy, in a classical significance. It’s continue to be in a transition period.