The most ill-fated influence in the history of the Moldovan state had Russia, under all its political systems: The Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the nowadays Russian Federation. The author makes a clear distinction between the Russian people and the Russian policy. At the time being, the most difficult problem in the bilateral Russian – Moldovan relations is the conflict on the banks of the river Dniester. The point of the author is that in the Eastern part of the Republic of Moldova we can not identify a movement of separatism. There are all the characteristics of a system of a foreign (Russian) occupation: the Russian army, an administration formed by colonists from Russia (the so called president Igor Smirnov was born in Habarovsk, the chief of the so called Ministry of Security, Vladimir Antiufeev, was born in Novosibirsk and so on). The obstacle on the way of solving the territorial conflict between the Russia and the Republic of Moldova is the informal format 5 2 of negotiations. The author demonstrates that the Russia can not be a mediator in this conflict, in the conditions in which the European Court for Defending Human Rights recognized (in 2004) the Russia as a part in the war from 1992, on the banks of the river Dniester.