Ensuring of national security is a prerequisite for progressive development of any country. This article analyzes a system of general-theoretical requirements for cognition and explanation of the national security issues in the context of globalization. Actualization of philosophical and politological apprehension of the security issues is conditional upon entering of the contemporary society in the zone of the so called “megarisks”, multifactor nature, complexity of dangers and threats. The article discusses problems of the efficiency of strategy and policy of national security, features of functioning of the national mechanism of ensuring security in Russia with due account for both objective and subjective circumstances that appeared in the last decade and conditioned by the complexity of the transition from the traditional for Russia state security system to a new system of ensuring national security. Ever increasing interrelation and complementarity of national, regional and international spheres of security is stressed in the article. It concludes that there is a lack of definite approaches to the assessment of the threat level of transnational problems; a necessity for the creation of a new architectonics of security; and changes in methods and means of its maintenance, priorities of objects.