Background: One of the goals of millennium approved by the UN is to reduce neonatal mortality in developing countries by 2015 with 66%. Mass of birth is an indirect factor favoring high neonatal mortality. Death of children after the 7th day of life is linked to infection, both nosocomial and intrauterine infection as late manifestations. 26% of children die due to perinatal infection. About 1% of neonatal mortality is caused by severe congenital anomalies in neonates. Material and methods: Records of clinical observation of newborn babies. Statistical processing. Results: Based on the pattern of neonatal mortality infection was always first as the cause and its frequency is very high, particularly on account of premature deaths in the neonatal group. Nosocomial infection is about 25% of all infections. Is observed a significant increasing in the incidence of pathologies due to prematurity. The BMH: from 6.4% in 2000 to 28% in 2010; HIV from 3.6% in 2004 to 14.8 in 2008. The incidence of developmental abnormalities is about 25 times higher than global data. Conclusoins: During last 10 years is observed a tendency of decreasing neonatal mortality in RTI section.The incidence of asphyxia decreased due to the implementation of partogramma, fetal cardio monitoring, obstetric protocols and quality improvement of resuscitation in delivery room. It is also decreasing the incidence of obstetric trauma. Introduction of new technologies, highly effective equipment, protocols and guidelines for treatment in neonates performing a role in reducing neonatal mortality.