The conservation and protection of rare species is one of the most important concerns of contemporary botany and a topic that receives more and more attention of the scientists around the world. The progressive decline in phytodiversity is of one of the most pressing problems nowadays. Rare and endangered plants are the most vulnerable element in the conservation of phytodiversity, the loss of which is irreversible. Namely, the rare species from the spontaneous flora of the Republic of Moldova are the research subjects of the Laboratory of Embryology and Biotechnology of NBGI. We pay particular attention to plants of high ornamental value, with beautiful attractive flowers – ephemeral and vernal species of the fam. Amarillydaceae: Lilium martagon L., Fritillaria montana Hoppe, the species Galanthus nivalis L., Galanthus elwesi, Galanthus plicatus Bieb., Leucojum aestivum L. Sternmmbergia colchiciflora Walds et Kit., fam. Hyacinthaceae: Bellevalia sarmatica (Georgi) Woronov. The implementation of tissue culture methods is an additional possibility to preserve these problematic species in botanical gardens, envisaging their subsequent reintroduction into their natural habitats. These methods have many advantages compared to classical methods of propagation and conservation in collections. The optimal type and size of the explant, season for taking explants and method of sterilization of inocula have been established. The morphogenetic potential for regeneration of the studied species has been determined, as well as the factors that influence it: the explant genotype and regenerative capacity, the physical conditions (temperature, light, humidity, season), the chemical composition of the growth medium, the choice of appropriate growth regulators, which play an important role in providing a hormonal balance of auxin-cytokinins and in inducing the process of multiplication and microcloning of explants. The propagation of rare plant species by tissue culture is a reliable method to be used in phytodiversity conservation, protection and repopulation of rare species to maintain balanced plant populations in the wild, in the Republic of Moldova, including vernal flowering species, which are often illicitly collected and traded in spring.