Septoria of the leaves is caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (imperfect stage – Septoria tritici), which affects the leaves, sheaths and stems of the plant. The disease is characterized by the formation of bright spots of yellow and brown color with a dark rim and black pycnids. According to some reports, tall, medium-late wheat varieties are less affected, but the genotypic factor is of the greatest importance for the intensity of septoria development. It has been established that the coefficient of inheritance of resistance in the narrow sense of the word is 42%, which indicates a significant contribution of the additive factors of the host plant in the response to the pathogen (Arraiano et al., 2006). Wheat resistance to disease can be controlled oligogenously, with pronounced specificity for certain isolates (McCartney, Brûlé-Babel, Lamari, 2002), but can also be quantitative – polygenic (Chartrain et al., 2004). The purpose of our research – to establish the influence of the parental factor on the gene effects (actions, interactions) in the response of the common autumn wheat to septoriosis. The study found 12 combinations, each consisting of parental forms P1 and P2, hybrids F1 and F2 (reciprocal), backcrosses BC1 and BC2. The degree of septoriosis attack was established at the preanthesis stage on a 5-step scale. It was found that in the F2 segregating populations the degree of attack varied within the limits of 1.72 ... 2.80. Additive actions (a) recorded values of -4.35 ... 1.77, dominant (d): -5.09 ... 1.19, epistatic interactions aa: -4.05 ... 0.76, ad: 0.74 ... 4.51, dd: -4.27 ... 7.36. Thus, in the response of plants to septoriosis, the gene effects varied widely. It should be mentioned that the value, orientation (+/-) and magnitude (variance) of the effects differed greatly in the combinations created on the basis of reciprocal F1 hybrids, which denotes the important role of the parental factor in creating hybrids in order to obtain the resistant forms. Combinations have been identified that show complementary epistases – M30 / M3 x Basarabeanca, M30 / M3 x Bas./M30 and additive actions – Moldova 16 x M30 / M3, M30 x Cubans 101 / Bas. oriented towards diminishing the septoriosis attack, which is of interest for the improvement programs.