We performed this study to evaluate the neuropharmacological effects of Pimpinella peregrina volatile oil (1% and 3%) on the quantification of neutrophin expression, using an animal model of dementia induced by scopolamine (Sco) administration. Pimpinella peregrina is a plant widely used in medicine due to its antiinflammatory, antiseptic, antispatic, anesthetic and carminative properties. From an etiological point of view, dementia is a heterogeneous group of neurological or systemic disorders that affect the central nervous system (CNS). The main cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which accounts for 50-70% of cases diagnosed with dementia. The etiology of the disease is multifactorial, with the involvement of various mechanisms of disease onset and progression. AD is characterized by cerebral atrophy and progressive decline in cognitive function associated with behavioral disorders. The treatments currently available against AD are very ineffective and have many side effects. Thus, the development of effective neuroprotective agents for disease prevention and control is very important. AD is also associated with decreased expression of neurotrophic factors such as brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin 1 (IL-1 β). In this study, mRNA expression of BDNF and IL1β was performed by qRTPCR analysis. Our data suggest that administration of Pimpinella perigrina volatile oil to Sco-treated animals increased the number of BDNF mRNA copies especially at the 3% dose and decreased the number of IL1β mRNA copies in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the volatile oil of Pimpinella perigrina (1% and 3%) can be used in alternative or complementary medicine as an alternative method against dementia, reducing memory loss and the inflammatory process in the hippocampus of laboratory rats.