Regarding drug use, several theories have emerged that try to explain both the initiation, maintenance and development of addiction, and the relapse or cessation of drug use or maintaining abstinence from substances. From all these theories, those based on the psychological factor, respectively the style of thinking, have received support from specialists, because it provides a solid, theoretical and empirical basis. Thus, this article analyzes drug use from the perspective of the theory of cognitive scheme, which postulates that some cognitive schema that we form since childhood, can be maladaptive and can facilitate drug use.