Aspects of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) infestation
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DUCA, Maria, GLIJIN, Aliona, ZGARDAN, Dan, ROTARENCO, Victoria. Aspects of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) infestation. In: Conservation of plant diversity, Ed. 1, 7-9 octombrie 2010, Chișinău. Chișinău: Gradina Botanica (Institut), 2010, Ediția 1, pp. 67-68.
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Conservation of plant diversity
Ediția 1, 2010
Simpozionul "Conservarea diversităţii plantelor"
1, Chișinău, Moldova, 7-9 octombrie 2010

Aspects of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) infestation


Pag. 67-68

Duca Maria123, Glijin Aliona123, Zgardan Dan123, Rotarenco Victoria123
 
1 Academy of Sciences of Moldova,
2 University Center of Molecular Biology,
3 Moldova State University
 
Disponibil în IBN: 14 iunie 2020


Rezumat

Sunfl ower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is one of the most important parasitic plants that infects sunfl ower roots in Mediterranian area, Black Sea region and in south-eastern Europe. Broomrape is an obligate, holoparasitic angiosperm that connects to the vascular system of their host plant through a specialized structure known as haustorium and lives attached to the roots of sunfl ower, depleting the plant of nutrients and water. The knowledge of the mechanisms of resistance against the parasite and host-parasite interaction is important to develop strategies of broomrape control. Several methods have been proposed to control sunfl ower broomrape, including agrotechnical, biological and chemical practices, but the most economical and effective method of controlling sunfl ower broomrape is the use of resistant cultivars. The main goal of this research was to study the morphological and genetic aspects of host-parasite system of sunfl ower (Helianthus annuus L.) − broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). In order to achieve the goal of the study, three objectives have been suggested: 1) to estimate the infestation degree with broomrape of different sunfl ower genotypes and to test these genotypes for resistance; 2) to screen the presence of the Or5 gene in the studied sunfl ower genotypes using PCR-SCAR analysis and to identify molecular SCAR markers, linked to this gene; 3) to study the protein metabolism in sunfl ower genotypes infested with broomrape. The plant materials used for the study were 53 genotypes of sunfl ower, including: 3 hybrids and their parental lines, 11 male sterile lines; 6 hybrids and 27 inbred lines has been used as a research objects. The characterization of the resistant/susceptible sunfl ower genotypes was conducted by pot infection experiments under glasshouse and natural light conditions. The impact of broomrape attack on different sunfl ower genotypes has been studied at morphological, genetic and protein levels. The obtained data bring new contribution in explication of physiological and molecular mechanisms of sunfl ower resistance to broomrape.Seven sunfl ower genotypes resistant to broomrape − FS9, FS12, FS17, FS21, FS26, FS27, ASC1− have been identifi ed, which can be used in further re search and breeding. The resistant Romanian hybrids to broomrape − Alcazar, Favorit and Turbo − can be recommended for cultivation in affected areas in Moldova. Transitory changes of sunfl ower protein metabolism associated with host-parasite interaction have been detected during broomrape infestation at tubercle formation stage. Qualitative analysis of polipeptyde spectrums has been showed early synthesis of high molecular weight polypeptides (68,5; 70,3 and 111,1 kDa), small and medium molecular weight polypeptides (11,3; 12,0; 16,5; 21,0; 33,8 şi 35,5 kDa) in roots and leaves at studied infested genotypes. Most of polypeptides have small and medium molecular weight specifi c to pathogenesis-related proteins (PR) which show the intensity of plant defense response. The relationship between the presence of RTS05 locus in sunfl ower genotypes and its phenotypic resistance to broomrape was tested. It has not been detected correlation between presence of this genetic marker and phenotypic resistance to broomrape in the most of analyzed sunfl ower lines. It is known that Orobanche races change frequently and although no public reports have been made yet, we suppose there are at least seven races of the broomrape in the Republic of Moldova and the sunfl ower genotypes could be infested by more aggressive races F or G. In this context it is necessary to investigate all sunfl ower cultivars and races of broomrape in Moldova using screening in fi eld, greenhouse conditions and at the molecular level.