To study the effect of nanoparticles on biosynthesis of extracellular hydrolytic
enzymes metal oxide nanoparticles: MgO, ZnO, ZnO/MgO in a ratio of 1:4, TiO2 and Fe3O4
through hydrothermal and sol-gel techniques were synthesized. These nanomaterials were
characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR)
and SEM-microscopy.
The assessment of the influence of synthesized nano metal oxides, was carried out
according to their impact on biosynthesis of the enzyme at micromycetes Trichoderma
koningii, Fusarium gibbosum and Aspergillus niger – producers of extracellular protease and
amylase.
It was found that the impact of nanomaterials on the synthesis of hydrolases depends
on the structure, dimension and concentration of the nanoparticles used as well as on the
physiological and biochemical characteristics of the strain and the specificity of action of the
enzymes synthesized by them. According to the results of research, ZnO, ZnO/MgO and
Fe3O4 nanoparticles may be considered as stimulators of biosynthesis of extracellular
proteases in micromycetes Trichoderma koningii and Fusarium gibbosum. However, the
degree of their exposure to proteolytic complexes synthesized by two strains was different. In
Trichoderma koningii strain this compounds increased the enzyme activity of both acid (by
12.1-22.3%) and neutral proteases (by 121.9-188.1%). In Fusarium gibbosum strain the
stimulating effect caused by the action of nanoparticles was less significant (by 30.5-40.0%)
and occurred only for neutral proteases. For the biosynthesis of amylase synthesized by
micromycete Aspergillus niger, the studied a group of nanoparticles had mostly inhibitory
effect (by 14.9-54.8%).
Biotechnological interest present ZnO nanoparticles of 30nm, which in the
concentration of 5-10mg/L in the experimental conditions increased the activity of neutral
proteases, as the main component of the enzyme complex strains, up to 3 times.