In the current study the processes of microplastic deformation and tensile strength of the nanolayer composites (NCM) based on iron, aluminum and carbon have been investigated. Samples of Fe-Al NCM’s were produced using a technology based on deep deformation of a package which contained alternating metal foils of armcoFe and 99,996% pure aluminum. In Al-C NCM’s, the carbon was placed between the layers of aluminium. The carbon multiwall nanotubes (MWNT) were used as carbon component. The content of carbon component was varied from 0.1 to 1.5 m. %. Fe and Al volume contents were varied by the variation of the source foils thickness from hFe/hAl=5/1 to hFe/hAl=2/1. It was determined that the tensile strength (σB) of the Al foil rolled with strain εΣ = 75 % is approximately (about – скорее разговорная форма) (140 ± 10) MPa. The tensile strength of the Al foil annealed during 30 min at Т = 300 оС. to (90 ± 10) MPa. The maximum tensile strength was established for the Al-MWNT NCM with MWNT content of about 0.25 m.% (Fig.1). As shown on the figure, the value of σB is (200 ± 10) MPa. The average layer thickness (h) in the Al-C NCM was 50 nm. No significant strengthening of the composites due to blocking of the structure defects by Al layers occurs for such range of the layer thicknesses. The biggest tensile strength in this case is usually realized for h < 20 nm [1]. However, it is evident from the experimental data that the existence of nanodispersed MWNT particles between the layers of the composite makes possible to shift the mentioned h limit to higher values. Thus, the technology of the highstrength nanocomposites fabrication can be simplified. The tensile strength of the Fe-Al NCM with hFe/hAl=2/1 and h = 500 nm is (500 ± 10) MPa, while the tensile strength of NCM where hFe/hAl=5/1 with the same layer thickness is 30 % higher.figureFig. 1. The dependence of the tensile strength of Al-MWNT NCM on MWNT contentThe critical amplitudes of dislocation failure were calculated from the amplitude dependences of internal friction. This allowed us to find out that the layered structure of the studied NCM’s provides the increase of the defects’ density of the crystal structure, thus shifting the microplastic deformation threshold to higher relative deformation values. Also, the time and degree of the structural relaxation were found out to increase with the tensile strain.