Currently, in the Republic of Moldova has been started the transition from the decentralized management model of the state-owned economic entities to the centralized management model, together with the reorganization process of state enterprises and municipal enterprises in public institutions or joint-stock companies, in order to improve the management and efficiency of these entities. The theme of the research has a major importance, focusing on the identification of ways, methods, and instruments for enhancing the efficiency of economic entities with public ownership. The scope of the research is to synthesize, and analyze the main financial instruments used at national and European level in the management of economic entities with public ownership and to perform a comparative analysis of applied financial instruments. As a result of the research, proposals are formulated for implementing new tools in the management of these entities in the Republic of Moldova, based on the European best practices identified. The analytical methods, the descriptive method, the quantitative and qualitative analysis method, the logical framework methods were used to achieve the research goal.