The audit of the evaluation of elements of financial statements in the modern market economy, is of particular importance, while various methods can be used: statistical, mathematical, costly, profitable, etc. At the same time, the auditor often faces uncertainty when evaluating a number of elements of financial statements. When conducting audit procedures, the auditor must take into account and assess the inherent risk, as well as the degree to which the accounting estimation is subject to uncertainty, the choice and application of the method, assumptions and data in calculating the accounting assessment, as well as the point assessment of the management of the audited entity and relevant information for inclusion in the financial statements. Having analyzed the provisions of ISA 540, taking into account the practical material, the author, using the data of a conditional example, concludes that when auditing accounting estimates, it is necessary to use the value of audit risk. The author has also developed a table that establishes the relationship between the results of deviations in accounting and audit estimates and the magnitude of audit risk and, accordingly, considers the response measures.