Within the framework of scientific study of the Laboratory of Spontaneous Flora and Herbarium of the National Botanical Garden (Institute) of the Republic of Moldova, it was established that the Rubiaceae family in the flora of the Republic of Moldova includes 27 species belonging to 4 genera. According to the IUCN criteria, 15 species are assessed as rare, including 3 ruderal taxa (Galium spurium L., G. tricornutum Dandy and Sherardia arvensis L.). Of these, critically endangered (category CR) – 5 species, endangered (category EN) – one, vulnerable (category VU) – two, and species with data deficiency (category DD) – 4, near threatened species (category NT) – 1, and 2 species (Galium boreale L. and Galium tricornutum Dandy) are considered regionally extinct (category RE). They differ in the number and vitality of populations, local distribution and, along with the types of relatively low risk of extinction, are extremely rare. Six species of high rarity categories (critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable), growing in habitats with natural plant communities, should be included in the 4th edition of the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova – Asperula tenella Heuff. ex Degen (vulnerable species [category VU], A2ce+4ce; B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv); D2), Cruciata laevipes Opiz (endangered species [EN], A2cе+4сc; B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv), Galium rivale (Sibth. et Smith) Griseb. (critically Endangered [CR], A4ce; B2ab(iii,iv), G. ruthenicum Willd. (critically Endangered [CR]. A2cde+4ce; B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv), G. tinctorium (L.) Scop. (critically Endangered [CR], A2ce+4ce; B2ab(i, iii) and G. volhynicum Pobed. (vulnerable species [VU], A2c+4c; B2b(i, iii,iv). We propose to include in the list of species protected by law in the Republic of Moldova all 6 enumerated species from Rubiaceae family.