Knowledge of the potential of groundwater makes it possible to reasonably use and plan the use of aquifer resources for the needs of society and its economic development. Within the southwestern part of the Black Sea artesian basin (on the example of the territory of the Republic of Moldova), drinking (or fresh), technical, mineral, geothermal and industrial groundwater are developed. Drinking (and technical) groundwater is the most common. Officially, there are 248 groundwater deposits. Geologically, they are confined within the hydrogeological zone of active water exchange and by age belong to various complexes of sedimentary rocks of the Neogene and Cretaceous-Silurian, as well as Vendian and Archean metamorphic rocks. Mineral waters form 58 deposits, which are located within the entire study area. These deposits are of the same age as drinking groundwater. Mineral waters are different in gas and chemical composition. Currently, not all deposits are exploited. Geothermal waters are distributed only in the central-western and southern parts of the territory. The deposits of these waters are not officially registered and the geothermal waters are dated by age to the rocks of the Neogene and, down the section, to various age categories of rocks. The temperature and chemical composition of geothermal waters are variable both in plan and within the section. Geothermal water are not exploited. Industrial underground waters (from which valuable chemical elements can be extracted) are common in different parts of the study area and differ in geological age. Currently, 5 deposits are officially registered, which contain high concentrations of iodine, bromine, boron, lithium, rubidium, cesium, strontium and potassium. In addition to these deposits, helium deposits are known. The deposits are not exploited yet. The State Monitoring Hydrogeological Network primarily monitors the level of drinking groundwater. Within each field of drinking groundwater, monitoring of the chemical and bacteriological composition is carried out by the owners of production wells. There is no unified database of groundwater quality. Groundwater potential is formed under the influence of the sum of natural factors. It is necessary to distinguish separately the potential of drinking (and technical) groundwater, the potential of mineral waters, the potential of geothermal waters and the potential of industrial waters.