The steppes played a significant role in the evolution of human civilization. These ecosystems provided humanity with various benefits, such as food and living places, and represented a natural migration corridor for people, material, and spiritual goods. However, with the increase of anthropogenic impact through hunting, overgrazing, and land plowing, the steppe biome has been considerably modified, mainly into agroecosystems. Within the natural ecosystems of the temperate zone, the steppes are the most affected by human activity. For example, in the Republic of Moldova, the natural steppe is almost destroyed, now covering only 1.9% of the total area of the natural ecosystems (Decision of the Government of the Republic of Moldova no. 112 of 27.04.2001). Moreover, steppes are the least protected ecosystems. The total area of the steppe territories properly protected by the state does not exceed 300 hectares, and even these continue to shrink. Legal and economic provisions do not stimulate the restoration of steppe landscapes, contrarily assigning them to managed ecosystems favors their extensive destruction. As consequence many species typical for steppe ecosystems have disappeared or considerably reduced their numbers. However, steppe ecosystems still host a high concentration of biodiversity, including endemic species, and therefore protective actions are needed. The first step for this purpose is evaluating their condition. In this context, a study of the diversity and ecology of beetles in the steppe ecosystems of the Republic of Moldova and their role in evaluating habitat quality was initiated. The representatives of the Coleoptera order are used as bioindicators for evaluating the steppe habitats. Beetle communities are characterized using ecological diversity indices: α, β, and γ. The most significant species as biological indicators of the quality of steppe habitats will be highlighted, and evaluation criteria based on metric indices will be elaborated. As a result, conservation measures of valuable steppe areas and strategies for the rational use of natural resources will be developed.