The aim of this work is a comparative study of the effect of long-term consumption of biomass of Streptomyces massasporeus CNMN-Ac-36 and Streptomyces fradiae CNMN-Ac-11 strains isolated from the soils of the central part of Moldova on the spatial learning and memory in white rats of both sexes. The studies were performed on Wistar rats of both sexes. Animals of the experimental subgroups for 90 days as a food supplement to the standard diet received daily at a dose of 250 mg/kg of live weight dried biomass of two local strains of streptomycetes - Streptomyces massasporeus CNMN-36 or Streptomyces fradiae CNMN-Ac-11. Rats kept on a standard diet served as controls. To study the process of spatial learning and memory, an eight-arm radial maze was used, which is a reliable tool for studying working and long-term spatial memory in white rats under controlled conditions. It was found that long-term consumption of the biomass of local strains of streptomycetes - Streptomyces massasporeus CNMN-36 and, to a greater extent, Streptomyces fradiae CNMN-Ac-11, leads to a significant decrease in such indicators as the total number of errors, total the time during which the rat explored the 8-arm radial maze, especially after 3-4 training sessions, the number of errors in working and long-term memory, while the number of correct choices increased significantly. In the control and experimental groups, no significant differences were found between males and females when learning in the maze for most of the studied indicators, however, further analysis showed a significant influence of the sex factor on the percentage of correct visits in training sessions 1 and 5, which may be a reflection of the processes of emotionally induced learning and memory, differentiated by gender. Thus, the biomass of Streptomyces massasporeus CNMN-36 and, to a greater extent, Streptomyces fradiae CNMN-Ac-11 strains of streptomycetes contributes to the intensification of the process of spatial orientation learning, improvement of working memory and the process of consolidation of spatial memory in white rats of both sexes, and these strains are promising for further research in order to isolate and identify substances with neuroprotective and nootropic properties.