The principal radiocontaminants of concern are those of the naturally occurring uranium and thorium series and man-made radionuclides e.g., 60Co, 137Cs, 90Sr, 239Pu, 24IAm, and others. The primary public health threats from these radioactive elements are through inhalation, external whole body exposure to gamma radiation, and ingestion of radionuclides through consumption of food and water. Contamination of the environment in the Republic of Moldova may be caused as a result of the collection, processing, storage and disposal of wastes associated with the use of radioactive isotopes for industrial, research and medical applications. As a result of such contamination, in the Republic of Moldova have been initiated projects to assess and remediate radioactively-contaminated sites. New technologies for remediation of radionuclide contaminated environment have been proposed.