This article explain, in general terms, the importance of the examining the composition, social and economic essence, as well as the management of social insurance in the Republic of Moldova. The social system is one of the essential components of the field of social protection of the state. It brings together all residents of the state, who contribute by regular and monthly payment of social security contributions thus benefiting from social benefits (benefits, pensions, aid). The body of the executive power that draws up the state policy in the field of social insurance, as well as ensures the correct accumulation and distribution of financial resources is the National Social Insurance House – element of the national public budget, with special status and independent budget. The esential value of the article consists in outlining the ways of efficient use of the social system, highlighting the conditions of profitability of the state and citizens.