Introduction: Asthma is one of the main causes of chronic morbidity and mortality in the whole world. The World Health Organization estimates that there are 300 million of people suffering of asthma worldwide. Asthma mostly occurs in childhood (allergic type) and after 40 years (non-allergic type). Asthma incidence is 3 – 6 ‰ in the world. It estimates that Asthma causes 250.000 of lethal cases annually in the whole world. The mortality of asthma rate is estimated from 2 to 4 cases at 100.000 of population annually. It is estimated that the incidence of Asthma in the Republic of Moldova is ≈3 at 10000 children, but the prevalence on the actual period is 8-15,4 cases at 10000 children. Materials and methods: The group included 76 children with Asthma (54 boys and 22 girls) at the age under 5 years old hospitalized in the Allergy department of the First Municipal Children Hospital, in 2011 year. The methods, used in the clinical study, were: 1. Clinical. 2. Instrumental. •• Radiology, Visceral ecography. •• Spirography, Electrocardiography. 3. Laboratory research. •• General and biochemical blood analysis, Urine general analysis. •• Serum analysis, Immunological analysis. •• Allergens sensibility, Acid base report. •• Mucus bacteriology study, Infection diseases marckers. Results: There were 50 % of children that suffer of bronchopneumonia as an associated disease. On the second place was Fe-defficient anemia (21%). Allergic rhinitis is present in 15,78% of children.Laryngotracheitis was present in 13%. There were some diseases as complications: Reactive unspecific hepatopathy (26%), Toxico-infectious cardiopathy (9%), Reactive pancreatitis (7%) and chronic gastroduodenitis in acute stage (7%). The most frequent pathologies, that had been the in past, from the anamnesis, were: Obstructive bronchitis (32%) and Pneumonias (24%). Ig E total and specific has high rates (76%) and cutaneous test was positive in 54%. Conclusions: Asthma is common and in the Republic of Moldova (8-15,4 cases at 10000 children). Pathology of Asthma encourages the creation of the frequent ill children before the diagnostic of itself. The confirmation of diagnostic is made with the help of positive cutaneous tests (54%) and high rates of IgE total and specific (76%). Heredo-collateral anamnesis to allergic diseases is positive (13%). Manifestation of Asthma is preceded by the presence of allergic diseases in the child anamnesis: Atopic dermatitis (10%), frequent acute respiratory diseases (63%) and Allergic rhinitis (15%).